![]() They must be able to ingest large amounts of data from local constraints to climatic records of time-varying meteorological conditions. The models that are needed to predict the effects of climate change must account for a wide variety of processes characterized by large ranges of spatial and temporal scales. The questions are multidisciplinary hence, the expertise of a wide range of communities from climate to human sciences must be involved. Progress is slow because of the complexity of the systems that need to be analyzed to provide relevant climate information to end users. To address this challenge, new fields of research that aim at filling the gap between climate change projections and societal needs have emerged. In the face of global warming, scientists are urged to provide climate information to support mitigation and adaptation policies. We highlight the potential of these approaches beyond urban climate modeling for the necessary appropriation of the issues at the heart of the energy transition by societies. We argue that this rare conjunction of scientific advances in mathematics, physics, computer, and engineering sciences opens promising avenues for urban climate modeling and illustrate this with coupled heat transfer simulations in complex urban geometries under complex atmospheric conditions. In this review, we present recent advances that are at the origin of last decade’s revolution in computer graphics, and recent breakthroughs in statistical physics that extend well-established path-integral formulations to nonlinear coupled models. To understand, predict, and improve the energy performance of cities, the scientific community develops numerical models that describe how they interact with the atmosphere through heat and moisture exchanges at all scales. They conclude that the world is simply not seriously committed to reaching the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal.Urban areas are a high-stake target of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. They suggest the primary barriers to success are the lack of a proper global technological system and the political will to effect change. They note that to meet that goal, emissions would have to fall by approximately 43% by 2030-instead, emissions levels are still rising. In the end, the pair found that given current circumstances, there is almost zero chance that the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal will be met. They analyzed efforts around the globe aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and used them to make estimates regarding their impact on slowing global warming. As part of that effort, they looked at past trends that have led to the warming increases already observed, and efforts by others to use such data to predict warming in the future based on different levels of greenhouse gas emissions. In their work, Matthes and Wynes looked at research describing the current state of the global climate system. In their review, the researchers found little to no evidence indicating that the goal will be met. So governments around the world have agreed to set a goal of reducing CO 2 emissions over the next three decades to curb warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Prior research has suggested that these emissions have already led to an increase of 1.25 degrees Celsius. And because of the dangers posed by such warming, people around the globe have been working toward reducing emissions. Scientists around the world are united in their belief that greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, are leading to a warming planet. ![]()
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